During the Sea Floor Geodesy experiment, signals the Global Positioning System (GPS) were used to precisely position the ship above sea-floor transponders. The position and motions of the sea-floor points could then be determined with respect to land. At sites ranging from the exotic to the mundane, researchers track the motion of the earth's crust via satellite signals. UCAR and collaborating institutions have used the satellite-based Global Positioning System to study geologic features. UCAR is also a leader in the application of GPS-based tools to infer the state of the atmosphere between the satellite signals and the earth's surface.